Manuscript Addition: I purchased this original M. S. of Palmer, an attendant in the Antique Gallery at the British Museum, 
                     on the 30th April 1847.  Palmer knew Blake personally. and it was from the artist's wife that he had the present M.S. 
                     which he sold me for 10
                     s..  Among the sketches there are one or two profiles of Blake himself. 
                     Illustrated div[? indecipherable text] ation is by Robt. Blake but with neither his brother's ease and vigour nor his heavenly?
                     
                     spirit.
                  
                  
                     Editorial Description: DGR's faded pencil note on the verso of the bound volume's front fly leaf.
                  
                
               
                  Transcription Gap: leaves 1-58 (original Blake material)
               
               
                  
                     
                         page:
                     
                      page: 62
                     
 
                   
                
                
                
               
               
                  
                     Note: The number 1 is crossed out and replaced by 62 written in the upper right corner in
                     pencil.
                  
                
               
               
               âµ 
                  All that is of any value in the foregoing pages
                     
 has here been copied
                     out. D.G.C.R.
                  
               
               
                
                
               
                  
                      
                  
                
               
               
               
               
                  - Was Jesus chaste, or did he
                     *
                  
- Give any lessons of chastity?â
- Jesis sat in Moses' chair;
- They brought the adulterous woman there;
- Moses commands she be stoned to death.
- What was the sound of Jesus' breath?
- He laid his hand on Moses' law:
- 
                     20The ancient heavens in silent awe,
                  
- Writ with curses from Pole to Pole,
- All away began to roll.
- The earth trembling and naked lay,
- In secret bed of mortal clay,
- And she heard the breath of God
- As she heard it by Eden's flood.
- âGood and evil are no more:
- Sinai's trumpets! cease to roar;
                     Transcribed Footnote (page [62v]): 
                     * This was spoken by my spectre to Voltaire, Bacon, &c.
                   
                  
                     
                        
                            page:
                        
                         page: 63
                        
 
                      
                   
                  
                     
                        Note: The number 3 is crossed out and replaced by 63 written in the upper right corner in
                        pencil.
                     
                   
                  - Cease, finger of God, to writeâ
- 
                     30âThe Heavens are not clean in thy sight.â
                  
- To be good only, is to be
- A God, or else a Pharisee.
- Thou angel of the Presence Divine
- That did'st create this body of mine,
- Wherefore hast thou writ these laws
- And created Hell's dark jaws?
- My presence I will take from thee;
- A cold leper thou shalt be.
- Though thou was so pure and bright
- 
                     40That Heaven was impure in thy sight,â
                  
- Though thine oath turned Heaven pale,â
- Though thy covenant built Hell-jail,â
- Though thou didst all to Chaos roll
- With the serpent for its soul,â
- Still the breath divine doth move,
- And the breath divine is Love.
- Woman, fear not; let me see
                     
                        
                           ![Image of page [63v]](/img/thumbs_small/3-1862.blms.63v.jpg) page:
                        
                         page: [63v]
                        
 
                      
                   
                  
                     
                        Note: The number 4 is written in the upper left corner in pencil.
                     
                   
                  - The seven devils that trouble thee;
- Hide not from my sight thy sin,
- 
                     50That full forgiveness thou may'st win.
                  
- Hath no man condemnèd thee?â
                  - âThen what is he
- Who shall accuse thee? Come ye forth,
- Ye fallen fiends of heavenly birth!
- Ye shall bow before her feet,â
- Ye shall lick the dust for meat,â
- And though ye cannot love, but hate,
- Ye shall be beggars at Love's gate.
- 
                     60What was thy love? Let me see't.
                  
- Was it love, or dark deceit?â
               
                  
                     Manuscript Addition: Some [?] omitted
                  
                
               
                
                
               
               
                  - My spectre around me, night and day,
- Like a wild beast guards my way;
- My Emanation far within
- Weeps incessantly for my sin.
                  - A fathomless and boundless deepâ
- There we wander, there we weep;
- On the hungry craving wind
- My spectre follows thee behind.
                  
                     
                        ![Image of page [64v]](/img/thumbs_small/3-1862.blms.64v.jpg) page:
                     
                      page: [64v]
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 6 is written in the upper left corner in pencil.
                  
                
               
                  - He scents thy footsteps in the snow
- 
                     10Wheresoever thou dost go.
                  
- Through the wintry hail and rain
- When wilt thou return again?
                  - Dost thou not, in pride and scorn,
- Fill with tempests all my morn,
- And with jealousies and fears?â
- And fill my pleasant nights with tears?
                  - Till I turn from female love
- And root up the Infernal Grove,
- I shall never worthy be
- 
                     20To step into Eternity.
                  
                  - Seven of my sweet loves thy knife
- Has bereaved of their life:
- Their marble tombs I built with tears
- And with cold and shadowy fears.
                  
                     
                         page:
                     
                      page: 65
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 7 is crossed out and replaced by 65 written in the upper right corner in
                     pencil.
                  
                
               
                  - Seven more loves weep night and day
- Round the tombs where my loves lay,
- And seven more loves attend at night
- About my couch with torches bright,
                  - And seven more loves in my bed
- 
                     30Crown with vine my mournful head;
                  
- Pitying and forgiving all
- Thy transgressions, great and small.
                  - When wilt thou return, and view
- My loves, and then in life renew?
- When wilt thou return and live?
- When wilt thou pity as I forgive?
                  - Let us agree to give up love
- And root up the Infernal Grove;
- Then shall we return, and see
- 
                     40The worlds of happy Eternity.
                  
                  
                     
                        ![Image of page [65v]](/img/thumbs_small/3-1862.blms.65v.jpg) page:
                     
                      page: [65v]
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 8 is written in the upper left corner in pencil.
                  
                
               
                  - Throughout all Eternity,
- I forgive youâyou forgive me.
- As our dear Redeemer said:
- This the wine, and this the bread.
               
                  
                     Manuscript Addition: not in Scott
                  
                
                
                
               
               
                  - To find the western path,
- Right through the gates of wrath
- I urge my way;
- Sweet Morning leads me on;
- With soft repentant moan
- I see the break of day.
                  - The war of swords and spears,
- Melted by dewy tears,
- Exhales on high;
- 
                     10The sun is freed from fears,
                  
- And with soft grateful tears
- Ascends the sky.
               
                  
                     
                         page:
                     
                      page: 66
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 9 is crossed out and replaced by 66 written in the upper right corner in
                     pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
               
                
                
               
               
                  - âI see, I see!â the mother said,
- âMy children will die for lack of bread!
- What more hath the merciless tyrant said?â
- The monk sat him down on her stony bed.
                  - His eye was dry,âno tear could flow,â
- A hollow groan first spoke his woe;
- He trembled and shuddered upon the bed;
- At length, with a feeble cry, he said:
                  - âMy brother starved between two walls;
- Thy children's crying my soul appals;
- I mocked at the rack and griding chain,â
- My bent body mocks at their torturing pain.
                  - âThy father drew his sword in the north,â
- By his strong courage he is marched forth;
- Thy brother has armèd himself in steel,
- 
                     20To revenge the wrongs that thy Children feel.
                  
                  - âBut vain the sword and vain the bow,â
- They never can work War's overthrow;
- The hermit's prayer and the Widows tear
- Alone can free the World from fear.â
               
                  
                     
                        ![Image of page [67v]](/img/thumbs_small/3-1862.blms.67v.jpg) page:
                     
                      page: [67v]
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 12 is written in the upper left corner in pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
               
                  - (He.) Where thou dwellest, in what grove, 
- Tell me, fair one, tell me, love;
- Where thou thy charming nest dost built.
- O thou pride of every field.
                  - (She.) Yonder stands a lovely tree,â
- There I live and mourn for thee;
- Morning drinks my silent tear
- And evening winds my sorrow hear.
                  - (He.) O thou Summer's harmony,
- 
                     10I have lived and mourned for thee;
                  
- Each day I mourn along the wood,
- And night hath heard my sorrow loud.
                  - (He.) Come, on wings of joy will fly 
- To where my bower is hung on high;
- Come, and make thy calm retreat
- 
                     20Among green leaves and blossoms sweet.
                  
                
                
               
               
                  - Why was Cupid a boy,
- And why a boy was he?
- He should have been a girl
- For aught that I can see.
                  - For he shoots with his bow,
- And the girl shoots with her eye,
- And they both are merry and glad
- And laugh when we do cry.
                  - And then he's so pierced with cares
- And wounded with arrowy smarts,
- That the whole business of his life
- Is to pick out the heads of the darts.
                  - 'Twas the Greek love of war
- That turned love into a boy
- And woman into a statue of stone;
- 
                     20And away fled every joy.
                  
                
                
               
               
                  - If e'er I grow to man's estate,
- O give to me a woman's fate;
- May I govern all both great and small,
- Have the last word, and take the wall.
               
                  
                     
                         page:
                     
                      page: 69
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 15 is crossed out and replaced by 69 written in the upper right corner in
                     pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
               
                  - Sleep, sleep, beauty-bright,
- Dreaming, in the joys of night;
- Sleep, sleep, in thy sleep
- Little sorrows sit and weep.
                  - Sweet babe, in thy face
- Soft desires I can trace,
- Secret joys and secret smiles;
- Little pretty infant wiles.
                  - As thy softest limbs I feel,
- 
                     10Smiles as of the morning steal
                  
- O'er thy cheek, and o'er thy breast
- Where thy little heart doth rest.
                  - O the cunning wiles that creep
- In thy little heart asleep!
- When thy little heart does wake,
- Then the dreadful light shall break.
               
                  
                     
                        ![Image of page [69v]](/img/thumbs_small/3-1862.blms.69v.jpg) page:
                     
                      page: [69v]
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 16 is written in the upper left corner in pencil.
                  
                
               
                  
                     Manuscript Addition: as in S S[?].
                  
                
                
                
               
               
                  - When the voices of children are heard on the green
- And whisperings are in the dale,
- The days of youth rise fresh in my mind
- And my face turns grave and pale.
                  - Then come home, my children, the sun is
- gone down
- And the dews of night arise:
- Your spring and your day are wasted in play,
- And your winter and night in disguise.
                
                
               
               
                  - The look of love alarms
- Because 'tis filled with fire,
- But the look of soft deceit
- Shall win the lover's hire.
- Soft deceit and idleness,
- These are beauty's sweetest dress.
               
                  
                     
                         page:
                     
                      page: 70
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 17 is crossed out and replaced by 70 written in the upper right corner in
                     pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
                  - I heard an Angel singing
- When the day was springing:
- âMercy, Pity, and Peace,
- Are the world's release.â
                  - So he sang all day
- Over the new-mown hay,
- Till the sun went down
- And haycocks looked brown.
                  - I heard a devil curse
- 
                     10Over the heath and the furze:
                  
- âMercy could be no more
- If there were nobody poor,â
- And Pity no more could be
- If all were happy as ye,â
- And mutual fear brings Peace.
- Misery's increase
- Are Mercy, Pity, Peace.â
                  - At his curse the sun went down,
- And the heavens gave a frown.
                
                
               
               
                  - I give you the end of a golden string;
- Only wind it into a ball,
- It will lead you in at Heaven's gate
- Built in Jerusalem's wall.
               
                  
                     
                        ![Image of page [70v]](/img/thumbs_small/3-1862.blms.70v.jpg) page:
                     
                      page: [70v]
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 18 is written in the upper left corner in pencil.
                  
                
               
                  
                     Manuscript Addition: not printed
                  
                  
                     Editorial Description: Comment is positioned alongside the first two stanzas of this page.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
                  - I laid me down upon a bank
- Where Love lay sleeping;
- I heard among the rushes dank
- Weeping, weeping.
                  - Then I went to the heath and the wild,
- To the thistles and thorns of the waste;
- And they told me how they were beguil'd,
- Driven out, and compelled to be chaste.
                  - I went to the garden of love,
- 
                     10And I saw what I never had seen;
                  
- A chapel was built in the midst,
- Where I used to play on the green.
                  - And the gates of this chapel were shut,
- And â
                     Thou shalt not,â writ over
                     the door;
                  
- So I turned to the garden of love
- Which so many sweet flowers bore.
                  
                     
                         page:
                     
                      page: 71
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 19 is crossed out and replaced by 71 written in the upper right corner in
                     pencil.
                  
                
               
                  - And I saw it was filled with graves,
- And tombstones where flowers should be;
- And priests in black gowns were walking their rounds,
- 
                     20And choking 
                     binding [?] with briars my joys and desires.
                  
               
                  
                     Manuscript Addition: S. S[?]
                  
                
                
                
               
               
                  - A flower was offer'd to me,
- Such a flower as May never bore;
- But I said âI've a pretty rose-tree,â
- And I passed the sweet flower o'er.
                  - Then I went to my pretty rose-tree,
- To tend her 
                     it [?] by day and 
                     by [?]night;
                  
- But my rose turned away with jealousy,
- And her thorns were my only delight.
                
                
               
               
                  
                     Manuscript Addition: x
                  
                  
                     Editorial Description: The mark suggests a footnote, which does not appear.
                  
                
               
                  - The angel who presided o'er my birth
- Said: âLittle creature, formed of joy and mirth,
- Go, love without the help of anything on earthâ
               
                  
                     
                        ![Image of page [71v]](/img/thumbs_small/3-1862.blms.71v.jpg) page:
                     
                      page: [71v]
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 20 is written in the upper left corner in pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
                  - I saw a chapel all of gold
- That none did dare to enter in;
- And many weeping stood without,
- Weeping, mourning, worshipping.
                  - I saw a serpent rise between
- The white pillars of the door,
- And he forced and forced and forced
- Till 
                     Down he the golden hinges tore;
                  
                  - And along the pavement sweet
- 
                     10Set with pearls and rubies bright,
                  
- All his slimy length he drew,
- Till upon the altar white
                  - He vomited his poison out
- On the bread and on the wine.
- So I turned into a sty,
- And laid me down among the swine.
               
                  
                     
                         page:
                     
                      page: 72
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 21 is crossed out and replaced by 72 written in the upper right corner in
                     pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
                  - Never seek to tell thy love,
- Love that never told can be;
- For the gentle wind doth
                     does move
                  
- Silently, invisibly.
                  - I told my love, I told my love,â
- I told her all my heart,
- Trembling, cold, in ghastly fears.
- Ah! she did
                     doth depart.
                  
                  - Soon after she was gone from me,
- 
                     10A traveller came by,
                  
- Silently, invisibly:
- He took her with a sigh.
                
                
               
               
                  - Great things are done when men and mountains meet;
- These are not done by jostling in the street.
               
                  
                     
                        ![Image of page [72v]](/img/thumbs_small/3-1862.blms.72v.jpg) page:
                     
                      page: [72v]
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 22 is written in the upper left corner in pencil.
                  
                
               
                  
                     Manuscript Addition: not in Scott
                  
                  
                     Editorial Description: A penciled âxâ marks the poem noted as omitted from Scott.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
               
                  - As I wandered 
                     (ni
                     ) the forest
                  
- The green leaves among,
- I heard a wild-flower
- Singing a song:
                  - âI slept in the earth,
- In the silent night;
- I murmured my thoughts
                     fears,
                  
- And I felt delight.
                  - âIn the morning I went,
- 
                     10As rosy as morn,
                  
- To seek for new joy;
- But I met with scorn.â
 
               Â
                  - The errors of a wise man make your rule,
- Rather than the perfections of a fool.
               
                  
                     
                         page:
                     
                      page: 73
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 23 is crossed out and replaced by 73 written in the upper right corner in
                     pencil.
                  
                
               
                  
                     Manuscript Addition: as in S S[?].
                  
                
                
                
               
               
               
                  - O rose, thou art sick;
- The invisible worm,
- That flies in the night
- In the howling storm,
- Hath found out thy bed
- Of crimson joy,
- And his dark secret love
- Doth thy life destroy.
                
                
               
               
                  - Nought loves another as itself,
- Nor venerates another so;
- Nor is it possible to thought
- A greater than itself to know.
                  - Then, father, how can I love you
- Or any of my brothers more?
- I love you like the little bird
- That picks up crumbs before the door.
               
                  
                     
                        ![Image of page [73v]](/img/thumbs_small/3-1862.blms.73v.jpg) page:
                     
                      page: [73v]
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 24 is written in the upper left corner in pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
               
                  Transcribed Note (page [73v]): 
                  (This poem I copy from Cunningham's Memoir of 
                     
 Blake, where it is given in its complete
                     state from 
                     
 the volume printed during the life-time of the 
                     
 poet. In one instance
                     however, (2
                     nd line, 5
                     th stanza) 
                     
 I have adopted,
                     as preferable, the reading to be 
                     
 found in the M.S.  D.G.C.R.)
                  
                
               
                  - Tiger, tiger, burning bright
- In the forest of the night,
- What immortal hand or eye
- Framed thy fearful symmetry?
                  - In what distant deeps or skies
- Burned the fervour of thine eyes?
- On what wings dare he aspireâ
- What the hand dare seize the fire?
                  - What the hammer, what the chain,
- Formed thy strength and forged thy brain?
- What the anvil? What dread grasp
- Dare thy deadly terrors clasp?
                  - When the stars threw down their spheres
- And watered heaven with their tears,
- Did he smile, his work to see?
- 
                     20Did he who made the lamb make thee?
                  
               
                  
                     Manuscript Addition: 
                     not in Scott X
                  
                  
                     Editorial Description: The note is crossed out
                  
                
                
                
               
               
                  - I walked abroad on a snowy day,
- I asked the soft snow with me to play;
- She played and she melted in all her prime.
- Ah! that sweet love should be thought a crime!
               
                  
                     
                        ![Image of page [74v]](/img/thumbs_small/3-1862.blms.74v.jpg) page:
                     
                      page: [74v]
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 26 is written in the upper left corner in pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
                  - âLove seeketh not itself to please,
- Nor for itself hath any care,â
- But for another's gives its ease,
- And builds a heaven in hell's despair.â
                  - So sung a little clod of clay,
- Trodden with the cattle's feet;
- But a pebble of the wood
- Warbled out these metres meet:â
                  - âLove seeketh only self to please,
- 
                     10To bind another to its delight,â
                  
- Joys in another's loss of ease,
- And builds a hell in heaven's despite.â
                
                
               
               
                  - I was angry with my friend;
- I told my wrath,âmy wrath did end.
- I was angry with my foe;
- I told it not,âmy wrath did grow.
               
                  
                     
                         page:
                     
                      page: 75
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 27 is crossed out and replaced by 75 written in the upper right corner in
                     pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
                  - Mock on, mock on, Voltaire, Rousseau,
- Mock on, mock on,â'tis all in vain!
- You throw the sand against the wind
- And the wind blows it back again.
                  - And every sand becomes a gem
- Reflected in the beams divine;
- Blown back, they blind the mocking eye,
- But still in Israel's paths they shine.
                
                
               
               
                  - Why should I care for the men of Thames,
- Or the cheating waters of chartered streams?â
- Or shrink at the little blasts of fear
- That the hireling blows into mine ear?
                  - Though born on the cheating banks of Thames,â
- Though his waters bathed my infant limbs,â
- The Ohio shall wash his stains from me.
- I was born a slave, but I go to be free.
               
                  
                     
                        ![Image of page [75v]](/img/thumbs_small/3-1862.blms.75v.jpg) page:
                     
                      page: [75v]
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 28 is written in the upper left corner in pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
                  - I rose up at the dawn of day.
- âGet thee away, get thee away.
- Pray'st thou for riches? away, away!
- This is the Throne of Mammon grey.â
                  - Said I: âThis sure is very odd;
- I took it to be the throne of God;
- Everything besides I have,â
- It is only for riches that I can crave.
                  - âI have mental joys and mental health,
- 
                     10Mental friends and mental wealth;
                  
- I've a wife that I love and that loves me;
- I've all but riches bodily.
- Then if for riches I must not pray,
- God knows it's little prayers I need say.â
                
                
               
               
               
                  - Dear mother, dear mother, the church is cold,
- But the alehouse is healthy and pleasant and warm;
- Besides, I can tell when I am used well;
- The poor parsons with wind like a blown bladder swell.
                  - But if at the church they would give us some ale
- And a pleasant fire our souls to regale,
- We'd stay and 
                     we'd pray all the livelong day,
                  
- Nor ever once wish from the church to stray.
                  
                     
                        ![Image of page [76v]](/img/thumbs_small/3-1862.blms.76v.jpg) page:
                     
                      page: [76v]
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 30 is written in the upper left corner in pencil.
                  
                
               
                  - Then God, like a father rejoicing to see
- 
                     10His children as pleasant and happy as he,
                  
- Would have no more quarrel with the Devil or the barrel,
- But shake hands and kiss him, and there'd be no more hell.
                
                
               
               
                  - I asked a thief to steal me a peach;â
- He turned up his eyes.
- I asked a lithe lady to lie down;â
- Holy and meek, she cries.
                  - As soon as I went,
- An angel came;
- He winked at the thief,
- And smiled at the dame;
- And without one word spoke,
- 
                     10Had a peach from the tree,â
                  
- And 'twixt earnest and joke,
- Enjoyed the lady.
                
                
               
               
               
                  - To Chloe's heart young Cupid slyly stole,
- But he crept in at Myra's pocket-hole.
               
                  
                     
                         page:
                     
                      page: 77
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 31 is crossed out and replaced by 77 written in the upper right corner in
                     pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
                  Transcribed Note (page 77): 
                  (It seems probable that the following lines were 
                     
 intended as an introduction to the
                     series of designs 
                     
 which Blake commenced in illustration of Dante. 
                     
                     The space I have left blank is occupied in the 
                        
 M.S. by something completely
                        indecipherable, 
                        
 which appears from the context to be a proper 
                        
 name.  D.G.C.R.)
                     
                  
                
               
               
                
                
               
               
                  - The countless gold of a merry heart,
- The rubies and pearls of a loving eye,
- The idle man never can bring to the mart
- Nor the cunning hoard up in his treasury.
                
                
               
               
                  Transcribed Note (page [77v]): 
                  (The following was probably written on some anti-visionary.) 
                     
                     D.G.C.R.
                  
                
               
                  - He's a blockhead who wants a proof of what he can't perceive,
- And he's a fool who tries to make such a blockhead believe.
               
                  
                     
                         page:
                     
                      page: 78
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The numbers 33 and 43 are crossed out and replaced by 78 written in the upper right corner in
                     pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
               20
               
                  Deleted Text
                  
                     - My title as a genius thus is proved:â
- Not praised by Hayley, nor by Flaxman loved.
 
               
                
                
               
               21
               
                  Deleted Text
                  
                     - Cromek loves artists as he loves his meat;
- He loves the art,âbut 'tis the art to cheat.
 
               
                
                
               
               22
               
                  Deleted Text
                  
                     - A pretty sneaking knave I knew . . . . . .
- Oh M
                        r. Cromek! how do you do?
                     
 
               
                
                
               
               23
               
                  Deleted Text
                  
                     - The Sussex men are noted fools,
- And weak in their brain-pan.
- I wonder if Hâ the painter
- Is not a Sussex man.
 
               
               
                  
                     Manuscript Addition: not in Scott X
                  
                
                
                
               
               24
               
                  Deleted Text
                  
                     - Friends were quite hard to find, old authors say,
- But now they stand in everybody's way.
 
               
               
                  
                     
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                      page: [78v]
                     
 
                   
                
               
               
                  
                     
                         page:
                     
                      page: 79
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The number 34 is crossed out and replaced by 79 written in the upper right corner in
                     pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
               
                  Transcribed Note (page 79): 
                  (N.B. I have compiled the following from various scat-
                     
tered passages, wich may, or
                     may not, form a whole.)
                  
                
               
               
               Mr. B. having from early youth cultivated the two arts,
                  
 painting and engraving,
                  and during a period of forty 
                  
 years never suspended his labors on copper for a single
                  
                  
 day, submits with confidence to public patronage, and 
                  
 requests the attention of
                  amateurs in a large stroke 
                  
 engraving (3 f. 11i long by 1 f. high) containing 30
                  original, 
                  
 high-finished, whole-length portraits on horseback of 
                  
 Chaucer's
                  characters, where every character & every expression, 
                  
 every lineament of
                  head, hand, and foot, every particular 
                  
 of dress or costume, where every horse is
                  appropriate to 
                  
 his rider; and the scene or landscape, with its villages, 
                  
 cottages,
                  churches, and the Inn in Southwark; is minutely 
                  
 labored, not by the hands of journeymen,
                  but by the 
                  
 original artist himself, even to the stuffs and embroidery 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                        Note: The page is numbered 2 in ink, though the number 35 appears faintly in pencil.
                     
                   
                  of the garments, the hair upon the horses, the
                  leaves upon 
                  
 the trees, and the stones and gravel upon the road. The 
                  
 great strength
                  of coloring and depth of work peculiar to 
                  
 Mr. B.'s prints will be here found accompanied
                  by a 
                  
 precision not to be seen but in the work of an original 
                  
 artist.
               
Sir Jeffery Chaucer and the nine and twenty Pilgrims 
                  
 on their journey to
                  Canterbury.
               
               The time chosen is early morning before sun-rise, 
                  
 when the jolly company are
                  just quitting the Tabarde 
                  
 Inn. The knight and Squire with the Squire's Yeoman 
                  
 lead
                  the procession; then the youthful Abbess, her Nun 
                  
 and three Priests; her greyhounds
                  attend her:
                  
                  
                     - âOf small hounds had she that she fed
- With roast flesh, milk and wastel-bread.â
 Next follow the Friar and Monk; then the Tapster, the 
                  
 Pardoner, the Sumpnor,
                  and the Manciple. After these 
                  
 âour Hosteâ who occupies the centre
                  of the cavalcade,â
                  
 (the fun afterwards exhibited on the road may be 
                  
 seen
                  depicted in his jolly face)âdirects them to the 
                  
 knight (whose solemn
                  gallantry no less fixes attention) 
                  
 as the person who will be likely to commence their
                  
                  
               
                  
                     
                         page:
                     
                      page: 80
                     
 
                   
                
               
                  
                     Note: The numbers 36 and 27 are crossed out and replaced by 80 written in the upper right corner in
                     pencil.
                  
                
                
                
               
                  
                      
                  
                
               
               
                The last Judgement is not fable or allegory, but vision. 
                  
 Fable or allegory
                  
                  
are
                  is a totally distinct and inferior kind 
                  
 of poetry. Vision or
                  imagination is a representation of 
                  
 what eternally exists really and unchangeably. Fable
                  or 
                  
 allegory is formed by the daughters of Memory: imagination 
                  
 is surrounded by the
                  daughters of inspiration, who in 
                  
 the aggregate are called Jerusalem. Fable is allegory,
                  but 
                  
 what critics call 
                  
the fable is vision itself. The Hebrew 
                  
                  Bible and the Gospel of Jesus are not allegory, but eternal 
                  
 vision or imagination of all
                  that exists. Note here 
                  
 that fable or allegory is seldom without some vision. 
                  
                  âPilgrim's Progressâ is full of it; the Greek poets the same. 
                  
 But
                  allegory and vision ought to be known as two dis-
                  
 tinct things and so called for the sake
                  of eternal life. 
                  
 The [ancients exercise fable] when they assert that Jupiter 
                  
                  usurped the throne of his Father Saturn, and brought on 
                  
 an iron age, and begat on
                  Mnemosyne or Memory the 
                  
 great Muses, which are not inspiration as the Bible is. 
                  
                  Reality was forgot and the vanities of time and space 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  only remembered and called reality. The Greeks
                  represent 
                  
 Chronos or Time as a very aged man: this is fable, but the 
                  
 real vision
                  of Time is in eternal youth. I have however 
                  
 somewhat accommodated my figure of Time to
                  the common 
                  
 opinion, as I myself am also infected with it and my vision 
                  
 is also
                  infected, and I see Time aged, alas! too much so. Alle-
                  
 gories are things that relate to
                  moral virtues; moral vir-
                  
 tues do not exist; they are allegories and dissimulations:
                  
                  
 but Time and Space are real beings, a male and a female. 
                  
 Time is a man, Space is a
                  woman, and her masculine 
                  
 portion is Death._ Such is the mighty difference between 
                  
                  allegoric fable and spiritual mystery. Let it here be noted 
                  
 that the Greek fables
                  originated in spiritual mystery and 
                  
 real visions which are lost and clouded in fable and
                  
                  
 alegory, while the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Gospel are 
                  
 genuine, preserved by the
                  Saviour's mercy. The nature of 
                  
 my work is visionary or imaginative; it is an endeavor
                  
                  
 to restore what the ancients called the golden age.
               
Plato has made Socrates say that poets and prophets 
                  
 do not know or understand
                  what they write or utter. 
                  
 This is a most pernicious falsehood. If they do not pray,
                  
                  
 is an inferior kind to be called knowing? Plato confutes 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                         page: 81
                        
 
                      
                   
                  
                     
                        Note: The number 29 is crossed out and replaced by 81 in pencil.
                     
                   
                  himself.
               
The Last Judgement is one of these stupendous visions.
                  
 I have represented it as I
                  saw it: to different people it appears 
                  
 differently, as everything else does; for, tho'
                  on earth things 
                  
 seem permanent, they are less permanent than a shadow, 
                  
 as we all
                  know too well. In eternity one thing never 
                  
 changes into another thing; each identity is
                  eternal; con-
                  
 sequently Apuleius's Golden Ass and Ovid's Metamorphoses 
                  
 and others
                  of the like kind are fable; yet they contain vision, 
                  
 in a sublime degree, being derived
                  from real vision in 
                  
 more ancient writings. Lot'ss wife being changed into a 
                  
 pillar
                  of salt alludes to the mortal body being rendered 
                  
 a permanent statue, but not changed or
                  transformed 
                  
 into another identity while it retains its own indivi-
                  
 duality. A man
                  can never become ass nor horse; some 
                  
 are born with shapes of men who may be both, but
                  
                  
 eternal identity is one thing and corporeal vegetation 
                  
 is another thing. Changing
                  water into wine by Jesus, 
                  
 and into blood by Moses, relates to vegetable nature also.
               
               The nature of visionary fancy or imagination is 
                  
 very little known, and the
                  eternal nature and perma-
                  
 nence of its ever-existent images is considerd as less 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                        Note: The number 30 appears at the upper left in ink.
                     
                   
                  permanent than the things of vegetative and
                  generative 
                  
 nature. Yet the oak dies as well as the lettuce; but its 
                  
 eternal image
                  and individuality never dies, but re-
                  
 news by its seed. Just so the imaginative image
                  returns 
                  
 by the seed of contemplative thought. The writings of 
                  
 the prophets
                  illustrate these conceptions of the visionary 
                  
 fancy by their various sublime and divine
                  images 
                  
 as seen in the worlds of vision.
               
This world of imagination is the world of eternity. It is 
                  
 the divine bosom into
                  which we shall all go after the 
                  
 death of the vegetated body. This world of imagination
                  
                  
 is infinite and eternal, whereas the world of generation 
                  
 or vegetation is finite
                  and temporal. There exist in 
                  
 that eternal world the permanent realities of every 
                  
                  thing which we see are reflected in this vegetable glass 
                  
 of nature.
               
               All things are comprehended in their eternal forms 
                  
 in the divine body of the
                  Saviour, the true vine of eternity, 
                  
 the human imagination, who appeared to me as coming
                  
                  
 to judgement among his saints and throwing off the 
                  
 temporal that the eternal might
                  be established: around 
                  
 him were seen the images of existences according to 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                     Transcribed Note (page 82): 
                     * The just arise on his right & the wicked on his left hand. *
                    a certain order suited to my imaginative eye, as follows.
               
Jesus seated between the two pillars, Jachin and Boaz, 
                  
 with the word divine of
                  revelation on his knee, and on 
                  
 each side the four and twenty elders sitting in judgment;
                  
                  
 the heavens opening around him by unfolding the clouds 
                  
around his throne
                  The old Heaven & old Earth are passing away, & and the New Heaven
                     and New Earth descending.
                  : a sea of fire issues from before 
                  
 the throne: Adam and
                  Eve appear first before the judge-
                  
 ment seat in humiliation: Abel surrounded by
                  inno-
                  
 cents, and Cain with the flint in his hand with which 
                  
 he slew his brother,
                  falling with the head downwards.
                  
 From the cloud on which Eve stands Satan is seen falling
                  
                  
 headlong, wound round by the tail of the serpent, whose 
                  
 bulk, nailed to the cross
                  round which he wreathes, is 
                  
 falling into the abyss. Sin is also represented as a female
                  
                  
 bound in one of the serpent's folds, surrounded by her 
                  
 fiends. Death is chained to
                  the cross; and Time falls 
                  
 together with Death, dragged down by a demon crowned 
                  
                  with laurel. Another demon with a key has the charge 
                  
 of Sin and is dragging her down by
                  the hair. Beside 
                  
 them a figure is seen scaled with iron scales from 
                  
 head to feet,
                  precipitating himself into the abyss with the 
                  
 sword and balances; he is [?] King of
                  Bashan.
               
               
                  
                     
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                     Note: The number 32 appears at the upper left in ink.
                  
                
               On the right, beneath the cloud on which Abel kneels, 
                  
 is Abraham with Hagar and
                  Ishmael on the left. Abel 
                  
 kneels on a bloody cloud, descriptive of those churches before
                  
                  
 the flood, that they were filled with blood and fire and 
                  
 vapor of smoke: even till
                  Abraham's time the vapor and 
                  
 heat was not extinguished. These states exist now: Man
                  
                  
 passes on, but states remain for ever; he passes thro' them 
                  
 like a traveller, who
                  may as well suppose that the places 
                  
 he has passed thro' exist no more as a man may
                  sup-
                  
 pose that the states he has passed thro' exist no more:
                  
 every thing is
                  eternal._ Ishmael is Mahomed: and be-
                  
 neath the falling figure of Cain is Moses casting
                  his 
                  
 tables of stone into the deeps. It ought to be understood 
                  
 that the persons
                  Moses and Abraham are not here 
                  
 meant, but the states signified by those names, the
                  indi-
                  
 viduals being representatives or visions of those states, 
                  
 as they were
                  re
                  
avealed to mortal man in the series 
                  
 of divine revelations as they are
                  written in the Bible. 
                  
 These various states I have seen in my imagination; when 
                  
                  distant, they appear as one man, but, as you appr
                  
oach, 
                  
 they appear multitudes
                  of nations. Abraham hovers 
                  
 above his posterity which appear as multitudes of chil-
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  dren ascending from the earth surrounded by stars,
                  as it 
                  
 was said: âAs the stars of heaven for
                  multitude.â Jacob 
                  
 and his twelve sons hover beneath the feet of
                  Abraham, 
                  
 and recieve their children from the earth. I have seen 
                  
 when, at a
                  distance, multitudes of men in harmony appear 
                  
 like a single infant, sometimes in the
                  arms of a female;
                  
 this represented the Church.
               
But to proceed with the description of those on the left 
                  
 hand. Beneath the cloud
                  on which Moses kneels are two 
                  
 figures, a male and female, chained together by the feet;
                  
                  
 they represent those who perishd by the flood. Beneath 
                  
 them a multitude of their
                  associates are seen falling 
                  
 headlong. By the side of them is a mighty fiend with a 
                  
                  book in his hand, which is shut; he represents the person 
                  
 named in  Isaiah XXII C and 20
                  V._ Eliakim the son of 
                  
 Hilkiah; he drags Satan down headlong; he is crowned 
                  
 with
                  oak. By the side of the scaled figure representing 
                  
 [?] King of Bashan, is a figure with
                  a basket, emptying 
                  
 out the vanities of riches and worldly honors; he is 
                  
 Araunah
                  the Jebusite, master of the threshing floor. Above 
                  
 him are two figures elevated on a
                  cloud, representing 
                  
 the Pharisees who plead their own righteousness before 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                        Note: The number 34 appears at the upper left in ink.
                     
                   
                  the throne; they are weighed down by two fiends.
                  Beneath 
                  
 the man with the basket are three fiery fiends with 
                  
 grey beards and
                  scourges of fire; they represent cruel 
                  
 laws; they scourge a gro
                  
o
                  up
                  of figures down into the 
                  
 deeps. Beneath them are various figures in attitudes 
                  
 of
                  contention, representing various states of misery, 
                  
 which alas! every one on earth is
                  liable to enter into 
                  
 and against which we should all watch. The ladies 
                  
 will be
                  pleased to see that I have represented the furies 
                  
 by three men and not by three women.
                  It is not be-
                  
 cause I think the ancients wrong; but they will be 
                  
 pleased to
                  remember that mine is vision and not 
                  
 fable. The spectator may suppose them Clergymen
                  
                  
 in the pulpit scourging sin instead of forgiving it.
               
The earth beneath these falling groupes of figures 
                  
 is rocky and burning and
                  seems as if convulsed by 
                  
 earthquakes. A great city on fire is seen in the dis-
                  
                  tance; the 
                  
armies are fleeing upon the mountains. On the 
                  
 foreground hell is
                  opened, and many figures are descending 
                  
 into it down stone steps and beside a gate
                  beneath a 
                  
 rock where Sin and Death are to be closed eternally by 
                  
 that fiend who
                  carries the key in one hand and drags 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  them down with the other. On the rock and above the
                  
                  
 gate, a fiend with wings urges the wicked onwards with 
                  
 fiery darts; he is Hazael
                  the Syrian who drives abroad 
                  
 all those who rebell against their Saviour. Beneath the
                  
                  
 steps, Babylon represented by a king crowned, grasping his 
                  
 sword and his sceptre;
                  he is just awakend out of his 
                  
 grave. Around him are other kingdoms arising to
                  judge-
                  
 ment, represented in this picture as single personages 
                  
 according to the
                  descriptions in the Prophets. The figure 
                  
 dragging up a woman by her hair represents the
                  Inquisition, 
                  
 as do those contending on the sides of the pit; and in 
                  
 particular the
                  man strangling a woman represents a 
                  
 cruel church.
               
Two personsâone in purple the other in scarletâare 
                  
                  descending down the steps into the pit; these are Caiphas 
                  
 and Pilate, two states where
                  all those reside who calum-
                  
 niate and murder under pretence of holiness and justice;
                  
                  
 Caiphas has a blue flame like a mitre on his head;
                  
 Pilate has bloody hands that
                  never can be cleansed. The 
                  
 females behind them represent the females belonging to 
                  
                  such states who are under perpetual terrors and vain 
                  
 dreams, plots and secret deceit.
                  Those figures that 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                        Note: The number 36 appears at the upper left in ink.
                     
                   
                  descend into the flames before Caiphas and Pilate
                  are 
                  
 Judas and those of his class; Achitophel is also here 
                  
 with the cord in his
                  hand.
               
Between the figures of Adam and Eve appears a fiery 
                  
 gulph descending from the
                  sea of fire before the throne. 
                  
 In this cataract four angels descend headlong with 
                  
                  four trumpets to awake the dead. Beneath these is the 
                  
 seat of the harlot named Mystery
                  in the Revelations;
                  
 she is siezed by two beings, each with three heads; they 
                  
                  represent vegetative existence; as it is written in Reve-
                  
 lations, they strip her naked
                  and burn her with fire;
                  
 âit represents the eternal consumption of vegetable
                  
                  
 life and death with its lusts; the wreathed torches 
                  
 in their hands represents
                  eternal fire which is the fire 
                  
 of generation or vegetation; it is an eternal
                  consum-
                  
 mation. Those who are blessed with imaginative 
                  
 vision see this eternal
                  female and tremble at what 
                  
 others fear not, while they despise and laugh at what 
                  
                  others fear. Beneath her feet is a flaming cavern 
                  
 in which are seen her kings and
                  councillors and 
                  
 warriors descend in flames, lamenting and looking 
                  
 upon her in
                  astonishment and terror, and hell is 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                        Note: The number 37 is crossed out and replaced by 85 in pencil.
                     
                   
                  opened beneath her seat. On the left hand the great
                  
                  
 Red Dragon with seven heads and ten horns; he has 
                  
 salary-book of accusations lying
                  on the rock open 
                  
 before him; he is bound in chains by two strong demons; 
                  
 they are
                  Gog and Magog, who have been compelled to 
                  
 subdue their master (Ezekiel XXXVIII C. 8V.)
                  with their 
                  
 hammer and tongs about to new-create the seven-headed 
                  
 kingdoms. The
                  graves beneath are opened and the dead 
                  
 awake and obey the call of the trumpet; those on
                  the 
                  
 right hand awake in joy, those on the left in horror. 
                  
 Beneath the Dragon's
                  cavern a skeleton begins to ani-
                  
 mate, starting into life at the trumpet's sound, while
                  
                  
 the wicked contend with each other on the brink of 
                  
 perdition. On the right, a
                  youthful couple are awaked 
                  
 by their children; an aged patriarch is awaked by his 
                  
                  aged wife; he is Albion, our ancestor, patriarch of the 
                  
 Atlantic Continent, whose
                  history preceded that of the 
                  
 Hebrews, and in whose sleep or chaos creation began; 
                  
                  the good woman is Brittannica, the wife of Albion; Jeru-
                  
 salem is their daughter. Little
                  infants creep out of the 
                  
 flowery mould into the green fields of the blessed, who 
                  
                  in various joyful companies embrace and ascend to 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  meet eternity.
               
The persons who ascend to meet the lord coming in 
                  
 the clouds with power and
                  great glory are representations 
                  
 of those states described in the Bible under the names
                  
                  
 of the fathers before and after the flood. Noah is seen 
                  
 in the midst of these
                  canopied by a rainbow. On his 
                  
 right hand Shem and on his left Japhet: these three 
                  
                  persons represent Poetry, Painting, and Music, the 
                  
 three powers in man of conversing
                  with paradise 
                  
 which the flood did not sweep away. Above Noah is 
                  
 the Church
                  universal represented by a woman surrounded 
                  
 by infants. There is such a state in
                  eternity: it is 
                  
 composed of the innocent civilized heathen and the 
                  
 uncivilized
                  savage, who, having not the law, do by 
                  
 nature the things contained in the law. This
                  state 
                  
 appears like a female crowned with stars driven 
                  
 into the wilderness; she has
                  the moon under her feet.
                  
 The aged figure with wings having a writing-tablet and 
                  
                  taking account of the numbers who arise is that Angel 
                  
 of the Divine Presence mentiond in
                  Exodus XIV C. 19v; 
                  
 and in other places this Angel is frequently called by 
                  
 the name
                  of Jehovah Shekinah[?], the I am of the oaks of 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                        Note: The number 39 is crossed out and replaced by 86 in pencil.
                     
                   
                  Albion.
               
Around Noah and beneath him are various figures 
                  
 risen into the air. Among these
                  are three females repre-
                  
 senting those who are not of the dead, but of those found 
                  
                  alive at the Last Judgement; they appear to be innocently 
                  
 gay and thoughtless, not being
                  among the condemnd, 
                  
 because ignorant of crime in the midst of a corrupted age; 
                  
                  (the Virgin Mary was of this class): a mother meets her 
                  
 numerous family in the arms of
                  their father, these are 
                  
 representations of the Greek learned and wise, as also 
                  
 of
                  those of other nations, such as Egypt and Babylon, 
                  
 in which were multitudes who shall
                  meet the Lord 
                  
 coming in the clouds.
               
               The children of Abraham or Hebrew Church are re-
                  
 presented as a stream of
                  figures in which are seen stars 
                  
 somewhat like the milky way; they ascend from the 
                  
                  earth, where figures kneel embracing above the graves,
                  
 and represent religion or
                  civilized life, such as it is 
                  
 in the Christian Church who are the offspring of the 
                  
                  Hebrew. Just above the graves and above the spot where 
                  
 the infants creep out of the
                  grave, stand âa man 
                  
 and womanâ; these are the primitive
                  Christians. The 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  two figures in purifying flames by the side of the
                  Dragon's 
                  
 cavern represents the latter state of the Church, when 
                  
 on the verge of
                  perdition yet protected by a flaming 
                  
 sword. Multitudes are seen ascending from the green
                  
                  
 fields of the blessed, in which a Gothic Church is re-
                  
 presentative of true art,
                  called Gothic in all ages by those 
                  
 who follow the fashion, as that is called which is
                  
                  
 without shape or fashion. By the right hand of Noah, a 
                  
 woman with children
                  represents the state calld Laban 
                  
 the Syrian; it is the remains of civilisation in the
                  
                  
 state from whence Adam was taken. Also on the 
                  
 right hand of Noah a female descends
                  to meet her 
                  
 lover or husband, representative of that love called 
                  
 friendship which
                  looks for no other heaven than 
                  
 their beloved and in him sees all reflected as in a 
                  
                  glass of eternal diamond.
               
On the right hand of these rise the diffident and 
                  
 humble, and on their left a
                  solitary woman with 
                  
 her infant; these are caught up by three aged men 
                  
 who appear
                  as suddenly emerging from the blue sky 
                  
 for their help; these three aged men represent
                  divine 
                  
 providence as opposd to and distinct from divine 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                        Note: The number 41 is crossed out and replaced by 87 in pencil.
                     
                   
                  vengeance, represented by three aged men on the side
                  of 
                  
 the picture among the wicked with scourges of fire.
               
If the spectator could enter into these images in his 
                  
 imagination, approaching
                  them on the fiery chariot of 
                  
 his contemplative thought, if he could enter into Noah's
                  
                  
 rainbow, could make a friend and companion of one 
                  
 of these images of wonder which
                  always intreats him 
                  
 to leave mortal things, (as he must know),âthen 
                  
                  would he arise from the grave, then would he meet 
                  
 the Lord in the air, and then he would
                  be happy. General 
                  
 knowledge is remote knowledge: it is in particulars 
                  
 that wisdom
                  consists and happiness too. Both in art 
                  
 and in life general masses are as much art as a
                  
                  
 pasteboard man is human. Every man has eyes, 
                  
 nose, and mouth; this every idiot
                  knows; but he 
                  
 who enters into and discriminates most minutely 
                  
 the manners and
                  intentions, the characters in all 
                  
 their branches, is the alone wise or sensible man,
                  
                  
 and on this discrimination all art is founded. I 
                  
 intreat then that the spectator
                  will attend to the 
                  
 hands and feet, to the lineaments of the counte-
                  
 nances; they
                  are all descriptive of character, and 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  not a line is drawn without intention. And that most
                  
                  
 discriminate and particular. As poetry admits not 
                  
 a letter that is insignificant,
                  so painting admits 
                  
 not a grain of sand or a blade of grass insignificant, 
                  
                  âmuch less an insignificant blur or mark.
               
Above the head of Noah is Seth. This state called 
                  
 Seth is male and female in a
                  higher state of hap-
                  
 piness and wisdom than Noah, being nearer the 
                  
 state of
                  innocence. Beneath the feet of Death two 
                  
 figures represent the two seasons of Spring and
                  
                  
 Autumn, while beneath the feet of Noah four seasons 
                  
 represent the changed state
                  made by the flood.
               
               By the side of Seth is Elijah; he comprehends all 
                  
 the prophetic characters. He
                  is seen on his fiery 
                  
 chariot, bowing before the throne of the Saviour. In 
                  
 like
                  manner the figures of Seth and his wife comprehend 
                  
 the Fathers before the flood and
                  their generations; when 
                  
 seen remote, they appear as one man. A little below 
                  
 Seth
                  on his right are two figures, a male and a 
                  
 female, with numerous children. These
                  represent 
                  
 those who were not in the line of the Church, and 
                  
 yet were saved from
                  among the antediluvians who 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  perished. Between Seth and these a female figure
                  repre-
                  
 sents the solitary state of those who previous to the flood 
                  
 walked with God.
               
All these arise toward the opening cloud before the 
                  
 throne, led onward by
                  triumphant groups of infants. 
                  
 Between Seth and Elijah three female figures crowned 
                  
                  with garlands represent Learning and Science which 
                  
 accompanied Adam out of Eden.
               
               The cloud that opens rolling apart before the throne 
                  
 and before the new heaven
                  and the new earth, is composed 
                  
 of various groups of figures, particularly the four
                  living 
                  
 creatures mentioned in Revelations as surrounding the 
                  
 throne. These I
                  suppose to have the chief agency in 
                  
 removing the old heavens and the old earth to make
                  way 
                  
 for the new heaven and the new earth to descend from 
                  
 the throne of God and of
                  the Lamb. That living creature 
                  
 on the left of the throne gives to the seven Angels the
                  
                  
 seven phials of the wrath of God with which they, hovering 
                  
 over the deeps beneath,
                  pour out upon the wicked their 
                  
 plagues. The other living creatures are descending with
                  
                  
 a shout and with the sound of the trumpet, and di-
                  
 recting the combats in the upper
                  elements. In the two 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                        Note: The number 44 appears at the upper left in ink.
                     
                   
                  corners of the picture, on the left hand Apollyon is
                  foiled 
                  
 before the sword of Michael, and, on the right the two 
                  
 witnesses are
                  subduing their enemies.
               
On the cloud are opend the books of remembrance 
                  
 of life and of death; before
                  that of life on the right 
                  
 some figures bow in lamentation: before that of death 
                  
 on
                  the left the Pharisees are pleading their own righte-
                  
 ousness: the one shines with beams
                  of light, the other 
                  
 utters lightnings and tempests.
               
               A last judgement is necessary because fools flourish. 
                  
 Nations flourish under
                  wise rulers and are depressd 
                  
 under foolish rulers: it is the same with individuals 
                  
                  of nations. Works of art can only be produced in 
                  
 perfection where the man is either in
                  affluence or is 
                  
 above the care of it. Poverty is the fool's rod which at 
                  
 last is
                  turned on his own back. That is a last judge-
                  
 ment when men of real art govern and
                  pretenders 
                  
 fall. Some people and not a few artists have as-
                  
 serted that the painter
                  of this picture would not have 
                  
 done so well if he had been properly encouraged. Let
                  
                  
 those who think so reflect on the state of nations 
                  
 under poverty and their
                  incapability of art. Though 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  art is above either, the argument is better for
                  affluence than 
                  
 poverty, and, though he would not have been a greater 
                  
 artist, yet
                  he would have produced greater works of art 
                  
 in proportion to his means. A last judgement
                  is not 
                  
 for the purpose of making bad men better, but for the 
                  
 purpose of hindering
                  them from opressing the good with 
                  
 poverty and pain by means of such vile arguments and
                  
                  
 insinuations.
               
Around the throne heaven is opened and the nature 
                  
 of eternal things displayed,
                  all springing from the divine 
                  
 humanity. All beams from him: he is the bread and 
                  
                  the wine; he is the water of life. Accordingly on each 
                  
 side of the opening heaven
                  appears an Apostle: that on 
                  
 the right represents Baptism; that on the left represents
                  
                  
 the Lord's Supper. All life consists of these two:âthrowing 
                  
 off error
                  and knaves from our company continually; 
                  
 and recieving truth or wise men into our
                  company con-
                  
 tinually. He who is out of the Church and opposes it is 
                  
 no less an
                  agent of religion than he who is in it: to be 
                  
 an error and to be cast out is a part of
                  God's design. No 
                  
 man can embrace true art till he has explored and cast 
                  
 out false
                  art (such is the nature of mortal things): or 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  he will be himself cast out by those who have
                  al-
                  
 ready embraced true art. Thus my picture is a history 
                  
 of art and science, the
                  foundation of truth, which is 
                  
 humanity itself. What are all the gifts of the spirit but
                  
                  
 mental gifts? Whenever any individual rejects error 
                  
 and embraces truth, a last
                  judgement passes upon 
                  
 that individual.
               
Over the head of the Saviour and Redeemer the Holy 
                  
 Spirit like a dove is
                  surrounded by a blue heaven in 
                  
 which are the two cherubim that bowed over the ark; 
                  
                  for here the temple is opened in heaven and the ark 
                  
 of the covenant is as a dove of
                  peace. The curtains are 
                  
 drawn apart, Christ having rent the veil: the candle-
                  
 stick
                  and the table of shew-bread appear on each side: 
                  
 a glorification of angels with harps
                  surrounds the dove.
               
               The temple stands on the mount of God: from it 
                  
 flows on each side a river of
                  life, on whose banks 
                  
 grows the tree of life, among whose branches temples 
                  
 and
                  pinnacles, tents and pavilions, gardens and groves 
                  
 display paradise with its inhabitants
                  walking up and 
                  
 down in conversations concerning mental delights. 
                  
 Here they are no
                  longer talking of what is good and 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  evil, or of what is right or wrong, and puzzling
                  themselves 
                  
 in Satan's labyrinth, but are conversing with eternal 
                  
 realities as they
                  exist in the human imagination. We are 
                  
 in a world of generation and death, and this
                  world we 
                  
 must cast off if we would be painters such as Rafael, Mi
                  
 chael Angelo, and
                  the ancient sculptors: if we do not cast 
                  
 off this world, we shall be only Venetian
                  painters who 
                  
 will be cast off and lost from art.
               
Jesus is surrounded by beams of glory in which 
                  
 are seen all around him infants
                  emanating from him: 
                  
 these represent the eternal births of intellect from the 
                  
                  divine humanity. A rainbow surrounds the throne and 
                  
 the glory, in which youthful
                  nuptials recieve the infants 
                  
 in their hands. In eternity woman is the emanation of 
                  
                  man; she has no will of her own; there is no such thing 
                  
 in eternity as a female will.
               
               On the side next Baptism are seen those called in the 
                  
 Bible Nursing Fathers and
                  Nursing Mothers; they represent 
                  
 Education. On the side next the Lord's Supper, the Holy
                  
                  
 Family, consisting of Mary, Joseph, John the Baptist, Za-
                  
 charias, and Elizabeth
                  receiving the bread and wine, 
                  
 among other spirits of just made perfect. Beneath these 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                        Note: The number 58 appears at the upper left in ink.
                     
                   
                  a cloud of women and children are taken up, fleeing
                  
                  
 from the rolling cloud which separates the wicked from 
                  
 the seats of bliss: these
                  represent those who tho' willing 
                  
 were too weak to reject error without the assistance
                  
                  
 and countenance of those already in the truth: for a 
                  
 man can only reject error by
                  the advice of a friend 
                  
 or by the immediate inspiration of God. It is for this 
                  
                  reason, among many others, that I have put the Lord's 
                  
 Supper on the left hand of the
                  throne, for it appears 
                  
 so at the last judgement, for a protection.
               
The painter hopes that his friends, Anytus Melitus, 
                  
 and Lycon, will percieve
                  that they are not now in 
                  
 ancient Greece; and, tho' they can use the poison of 
                  
                  calumny, the English public will be convinced that 
                  
 such a picture as this could never be
                  painted by a 
                  
 madman or by one in a state of outrageous manners, 
                  
 as these bad men
                  both print and publish by all the 
                  
 means in their power. The painter begs public
                  pro-
                  
 tection and all will be well.
               
               Men are admitted into heaven,ânot because they have 
                  
 curbed and
                  governed their passions, but because they 
                  
 have cultivated their understandings. The
                  treasures of 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  heaven are not negations of passion, but realities
                  of 
                  
 intellect from which all the passions emanate uncurbed 
                  
 in their eternal glory.
                  The fool shall not enter into 
                  
 heaven, let him be ever so holy; holiness is not the price
                  
                  
 of entrance into heaven. Those who are cast out are all 
                  
 those who, having no
                  passions of their own because no 
                  
 intellect, have spent their lives in curbing and
                  governing 
                  
 other people's by the various arts of poverty and cruelty 
                  
 of all kinds.
                  The modern Church crucifies Christ with 
                  
 the head downwards. Woe, woe, woe to you,
                  hypocrites! 
                  
 Even murder the courts of justice (more merciful than 
                  
 the Church) are
                  whispered to allow is not done in 
                  
 passion, but in cool-blooded design and intention.
               
Many suppose that before the creation all was 
                  
 solitude and chaos: this is the
                  most pernicious idea 
                  
 that can enter the mind, as it takes away all 
                  
 sublimity from
                  the Bible and limits all existence to 
                  
 creation and to chaos, to the time and space fixed
                  
                  
 by the corporeal vegetative eye, and leaves the man 
                  
 who entertains such an idea
                  the habitation of 
                  
 unbelieving demons. Eternity exists and all 
                  
 things in eternity,
                  independent of creation which 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  was an act of mercy. I have represented those who
                  
                  
 are in eternity by some in a cloud within the 
                  
 rainbow that surrounds the throne;
                  they merely 
                  
 appear as in a cloud when any thing of creation, 
                  
 redemption, or
                  judgement, is the subjects of contem-
                  
 plation, tho' their whole contemplation is
                  concerning 
                  
 these things; the reason they so appear is the hu-
                  
 miliation of the
                  reasoning and doubting selfhood 
                  
 and the giving all up to inspiration. By this it 
                  
                  will be seen that I do not consider either the 
                  
 just or the wicked to be in a supreme
                  state, but 
                  
 to be, every one of them, states of the sleep which 
                  
 the soul may fall
                  into in its deadly dreams of 
                  
 good and evil, when it leaves Paradise following 
                  
 the
                  serpent.
               
Many persons such as Paine and Voltaire, 
                  
 with some of the ancient Greeks, say:
                  âWe will 
                  
 not converse concerning good and evil; we will 
                  
 live in
                  Paradise and liberty.â You may say so 
                  
 in spirit, but not in the mortal body,
                  as you 
                  
 pretend, till after a last judgement; for in Para-
                  
 dise they have no
                  corporeal and mortal body; that 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  originated with the fall and was called death, 
                  
                  and cannot be removed but by a last judgement. 
                  
 While we are in the world of mortality,
                  we must 
                  
 suffer; the whole creation groans to be delivered. 
                  
 There will always be as
                  many hypocrites born as 
                  
 honest men, and they will always have superior 
                  
 power in
                  mortal things. You cannot have liberty 
                  
 in this world without what you call moral 
                  
                  virtue, and you cannot have moral virtue with-
                  
 out the slavery of that half of the human
                  race 
                  
 who hate what you call moral virtue.
               
The nature of hatred and envy and of all the 
                  
 mischiefs in the world are here
                  depicted. No one 
                  
 envies or hates one of his own party; even the 
                  
 devils love one
                  another in their own way; they 
                  
 torment one another for other reasons than hate 
                  
 or
                  envy; these are only employed against the 
                  
 just. Neither can Seth envy Noah, or Elijah
                  envy 
                  
 Abraham, but they may both of them envy the 
                  
 success of Satan or of Og or
                  Molech. The horse 
                  
 never envies the peacock, nor the sheep the goat; 
                  
 but they envy
                  a rival in life and existence 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  whose ways and means exceed their own. Let him 
                  
                  be of what class of animals he will, a dog will 
                  
 envy a cat who is pamperd at the expense
                  of 
                  
 his comfort, as I have often seen. The Bible 
                  
 never tells us that Devils torment
                  one another 
                  
 thro' envy; it is thro' this that they torment the 
                  
 just. But for what
                  do they torment one another? 
                  
 Ianswer,âFor the coercive laws of hell, moral
                  
                  
 hypocrisy. They torment a hypocrite when he is 
                  
 discovered: they punish a failure
                  in the tormentor 
                  
 who has suffered the subject of his torture to 
                  
 escape. In hell
                  all is self-righteousness; there 
                  
 is no such thing there as forgiveness of sin; 
                  
 he
                  who does forgive sin is crucified as an 
                  
 abettor of criminals, and he who performs works
                  
                  
 of mercy in any shape whatever is punished, and, 
                  
 if possible,
                  destroyed,ânot thro' envy or hatred or 
                  
 malice, but thro' self-righteousness
                  that thinks 
                  
 it does God serviceâwhich God is Satan. They do 
                  
 not envy
                  one another,âthey contemn or despise 
                  
 one another. Forgiveness of sin is only
                  at the judge-
                  
 ment-seat of Jesus the Saviour, where the accuser 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  is cast out, not because he sins, but because he
                  
                  
 torments the just and makes them do what he con-
                  
 demns as sin and what he knows is
                  opposite to 
                  
 their own identity.
               
It is not because angels are holier than men 
                  
 or devils that makes them angels,
                  but because 
                  
 they do not expect holiness from one another, but 
                  
 from God only.
               
               The player is a liar when he says: âAngels 
                  
 are happier than men
                  because they are better.â Angels 
                  
 are happier than men and devils because they
                  
                  
 are not always prying after good and evil in one 
                  
 another and eating the tree of
                  knowledge for 
                  
 Satan's gratification.
               
               The last judgement is an overwhelming of bad 
                  
 art and science. Mental Things are
                  alone real; 
                  
 what is called corporeal nobody knows of; its 
                  
 dwelling-place is a
                  fallacy and its existence an 
                  
 imposture. Where is the existence out of mind or 
                  
                  thought? where is it but in the mind of a fool? 
                  
 Some people flatter themselves that
                  there will be 
                  
 no last judgement, and that bad art will be 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  adopted and mixed with good art, that error or 
                  
                  experiment will make a part of truth, and they 
                  
 boast that it is its foundation. These
                  people flatter 
                  
 themselves; I will not flatter them. Error is created; 
                  
 truth is
                  eternal: error or creation will be burned 
                  
 up, and then, and not till then truth or
                  eternity 
                  
 will appear. It is burned up the moment men 
                  
 cease to behold the outward
                  creation, and that to me 
                  
 it is hindrance and not action; it is, as the 
                  
 dirt upon
                  my feet, no part of me.ââWhat!â it 
                  
 will be questioned;
                  âwhen the sun rises do you 
                  
 not see a round disk of fire somewhat like a 
                  
                  guinea? â Oh no! no! I see an innumerable com-
                  
 pany of the heavenly host
                  crying: âHoly, holy, holy 
                  
 is the Lord God Almighty!â I question
                  not my cor-
                  
 poreal or vegetative eye any more than I would 
                  
 question a window
                  
                  
containing
                  concerning a sight: I look 
                  
 thro' it, and not with it.
               
The last judgement [will be] when all those are 
                  
 cast away who trouble religion
                  with questioning 
                  
 concerning good and evil, or eating of the tree of 
                  
                  
                     
                        
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                  those knowledges or reasonings which hinder the
                  
                  
 vision of God turning all into a consuming fire, 
                  
 when imagination, art and
                  science, and all intel-
                  
 lectual gifts, all the gifts of the Holy Ghost, are 
                  
 looked
                  upon as of no use, and only contention re-
                  
 mains to man; then the last judgement begins,
                  
                  
 and its vision is seen by the eye of every one 
                  
 according to the situation he
                  holds.
               
The End.
               
               
                  
                     
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