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            <titlestmt>
                <title>On the Life and Character of Marshal St. Arnaud</title>
                <author>Robert Campbell</author>
                <guestEditor>PC Fleming</guestEditor>
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                <edition>1</edition>
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            <date>1856</date>
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                <genre>Prose essay</genre>
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            <commentaries>
                <head>Commentary</head>
                <section type="intro">
                    <head>Introduction</head>
                    <p>
                  <hi rend="i">The Wellesley Index</hi> lists the author of this essay as 
                        Robert Campbell (1832-1912). Campbell would have been of the right age to be
                        at Oxford with the Morris Brotherhood. He later published several essays on
                        legal theory, and edited John Austin&#8217;s Lectures on jurisprudence, or The
                        philosophy of positive law.</p>
                    <p>Walter Gordon gives the author as Robert Calder Campbell (1798-1857). In many ways, Calder
                        Campbell makes more sense as the author of this piece. He was an army
                        officer with the East India Company, and a frequent contributor to various
                        periodicals (DNB). By July, Fulford was having trouble getting the
                        brotherhood to submit enough work to fill the pages of the magazine, and it
                        is possible he brought in professional writers to contribute; see for
                        example <xref doc="a.Burne-Jones006.raw">The Druid and the Maiden</xref> in
                        the <xref doc="a.ap4.o93.1.November.rad">November issue</xref>. </p>
                    <p>Lewis Campbell&#8217;s father was also named
                        Robert, but he died in 1832. Lewis Campbell wrote an <xref doc="a.LCampbell001.raw">article on Prometheus</xref> for the
                        Magazine.</p>
                    <p>Like Dixon&#8217;s <xref doc="a.Dixon002.raw">The Barrier Kingdoms</xref> and
                            <xref doc="a.Dixon003.raw">The Prospects of Peace</xref>, this essay is
                        about the Crimean War. Peace agreements had been reached earlier in 1856,
                        and Campbell here gives a portrait of Jacques Leroy de Saint Arnaud, a
                        French general during the war. An edition of Arnaud&#8217;s letters had been
                        published in Paris the year before, edited by Arnaud&#8217;s brother, and these letters
                        serve as the primary source for Campbell&#8217;s essay. There does not appear to
                        have been an English translation, so presumably Campbell translated the
                        quotations himself. For rhetorical effect, he chooses to leave certain
                        phrases, like &#8220;Ma gentille petite fÍlle&#8221;
                        (391), untranslated.</p>
                    <p>English readers in 1856 had been reading accounts of the Crimean war for
                        several years, and much of the subject matter would have been familiar to
                        readers of <xref doc="a.ap4.o93.raw">The Oxford and Cambridge
                        Magazine</xref>. The essay ends by discussing Arnaud&#8217;s death, of cholera,
                        during the siege of Sebastobol, about which William Fulford wrote <xref doc="a.Fulford014.raw">a poem</xref> for this issue of the magazine.
                    </p>
                </section>
                <section type="texthistcomp">
                    <head>Textual History: Composition</head>
                    <p/>
                </section>
                <section type="texthistrev">
                    <head>Textual History: Revision</head>
                    <p/>
                </section>
                <section type="prodhist">
                    <head>Production History</head>
                    <p/>
                </section>
                <section type="recepthist">
                    <head>Reception</head>
                    <p/>
                </section>
                <section type="icon">
                    <head>Iconographic</head>
                    <p/>
                </section>
                <section type="printhist">
                    <head>Printing History</head>
                    <p>First printed in <xref doc="a.ap4.o93.1.July.rad" from="389" workcode="RCampbell002">
                            <bibl>
                                <title level="per">
                                    <hi rend="i">The Oxford and Cambridge Magazine</hi>
                                </title>
                            </bibl>
                        </xref>, July, 1856.</p>
                </section>
                <section type="pictorial">
                    <head>Pictorial</head>
                    <p/>
                </section>
                <section type="historical">
                    <head>Historical</head>
                    <p/>
                </section>
                <section type="literary">
                    <head>Literary</head>
                    <p/>
                </section>
                <section type="translation">
                    <head>Translation</head>
                    <p/>
                </section>
                <section type="autobio">
                    <head>Autobiographical</head>
                    <p/>
                </section>
                <section type="biblio">
                    <head>Bibliographic</head>
                    <p>
                        <bibl>
                     <author>Arnaud, Jacques Leroy</author>. <hi rend="i">
                        <title level="bk">Lettres du maréchal de Saint-Arnaud,
                            1832-1854</title>
                     </hi>.</bibl>
                        <bibl>
                     <hi rend="i">
                        <title>Lectures on jurisprudence, or The philosophy of positive
                            law</title>, by the late John Austin</hi>. Ed. by Robert Campbell.</bibl>
                        <bibl>
                     <author>Gordon</author>, <title>&#8220;Oxford and Cambridge
                                Magazine&#8221;</title>.</bibl>
                        <bibl>
                     <author>Houghton</author>, <title>
                                <hi rend="i">The Wellesley Index</hi>
                            </title>, pp. <pages>723-731</pages>.</bibl>
                        <bibl>&#8220;Robert Calder Campbell&#8221;. <hi rend="i">
                                <title>The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</title>
                            </hi>.</bibl>
                        <bibl>&#8220;Lewis Campbell&#8221;. <hi rend="i">
                                <title>The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</title>
                            </hi>.</bibl>
                    </p>
                </section>
            </commentaries>
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                    <xref doc="a.ap4.o93.1.July.rad" from="389" workcode="RCampbell002">
                        <hi rend="i">The Oxford and Cambridge Magazine</hi> text</xref>
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        <xref doc="a.ap4.o93.1.July.rad" from="389" workcode="RCampbell002">
            <hi rend="i">The Oxford and Cambridge Magazine</hi> text</xref>
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